Climate change, urbanization, soil degradation, unsustainable use of natural resources, accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers are the hot issues for today's agriculture. Traditional agriculture practices are unable to cop up these challenges. Nanotechnology and molecular farming are the emerging strategies in the area of agricultural research. These strategies have opened up a wide array of opportunities in agriculture and related food production systems. It has great potential to improve the quality of life through its applications in agriculture and the food production systems. Insect pests management through the formulations of nanomaterials-based pesticides and insecticides, enhancement of agricultural productivity using bio-conjugated nanoparticles for slow release of nutrients and water, nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer in plants for the development of insect pest-resistant varieties and use of nanomaterials for preparation of different kind of biosensors are required for precision farming. This article emphasize the role of nanotechnology and molecular farming in various applications for improving the crop production, controlling pathogenic infections and their by increasing the yield of crop. This paper reviews some of the potential applications of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture and recommends many strategies for the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge currently being examined.
